无患子当年生砧苗嫁接育苗技术

采用正劈接、短枝腹接、斜劈接、舌接等不同嫁接方法对无患子实生苗即移即接、移后10 d嫁接、地苗嫁接育苗试验,探索提高无患子嫁接成活率的途径。结果表明,用正劈接方法对无患子实生苗即移即接其嫁接成活率高,此嫁接技术可以在无患子嫁接育苗生产中应用。     

牛冷冻精液解冻后在不同温度下的存活时间

牛冷冻精液解冻后在3～8℃、室温及37℃条件下保存,分别于2、4、8、12及24小时,观察其活力变化。结果表明:环境温度对精子的存活时间影响很大,活力的下降速度有明显差异。     

Comparative activity of Choristoneura fumiferana nucleopolyhedrovirus propagated in different hosts

The biological activity of the Ireland strain of Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem) nucleopolyhedrovirus (CfMNPV) propagated in different hosts was determined to provide the basis upon which genetically modified CfMNPV, or other naturally occurring isolates, should be compared. Occlusion bodies (OB) derived from CF-203 cells were significantly larger and more pathogenic than those propagated in vivo when tested against the fifth larval instar of C fumiferana (Clem) and C occidentalis Freeman. The dose-responses (LD50 and LD95, expressed as occlusion bodies per larva) of C fumiferana larvae to in vitro-propagated OBs were 274 and 5785, respectively. The values of LD50 and LD95 to C occidentalis larvae were 19 and 118, respectively. There were no significant differences in pathogenicity or size when OBs propagated in C fumiferana larvae were tested against either insect species, nor were there significant differences for OBs propagated in C occidentalis larvae. The LD50 and LD95 of in vivo-produced OBs to C fumiferana were 925 and 61988, respectively. The LD50 and LD95 to C occidentalis were 50 and 453, respectively. OBs propagated in vitro had a mean volume of 13.13 microm3, whereas those propagated in vivo ranged from 0.84 to 1.41 microm3. The median survival time-responses (ST50) of fifth-instar C fumiferana or C occidentalis larvae to OBs propagated in vivo were not significantly different from those propagated in vitro at the dosage levels tested. Values of ST50 of C fumiferana larvae to in vitro- and in vivo-produced OBs at dosages causing less than 50% mortality rangedfrom 9.6 to 9.8 days post-inoculation (dpi), whereas a LD95 dose resulted in ST50 values ranging from 7.3 to 7.7 days. ST50 values of C occidentalis larvae at dosages causing less than 50% mortality ranged from 9.8 to 10.2 dpi, whereas a LD95 dose resulted in ST50 values ranging from 9.5 to 9.8 dpi. The median feeding cessation time-response (FT50) of fifth-instar C fumiferana larvae to OBs propagated in vitro (5.7 days) was not significantly different from the FT50 of those propagated in vivo in either insect species (5.3 and 5.7 days) at the dosage level tested (LD95). No significant differences in FT50 values were observed between OBs propagated in either larval host. The FT50 of C occidentalis larvae to OBs propagated in vitro (7.7 days) was not significantly different from that to those propagated in vivo in C occidentalis larvae (7.6days), but somewhat different (7.2 days) from that to those propagated in C fumiferana larvae. Results indicate that CfMNPV can be propagated in vivo in either C fumiferana or C occidentalis larvae (or sequentially through both) without alteration in infectivity, although the use of the CF-203 cell line yields the most biologically active OBs.     

短期高温脉冲对瓜型棉蚜的抑制作用及其在防治中的应用

模拟北方冬暖式大棚内的日变温模式,试验了日最高温分别为33、35和37℃的高温脉冲对1～5日龄瓜型棉蚜即瓜蚜(Aphis gossypii Glover)繁殖和寿命的影响。与日最高温33℃和35℃的高温脉冲相比,日最高温37℃的高温脉冲能显著降低成蚜的寿命和终身生殖量,高日龄瓜蚜经历高温后的终身生殖量和寿命明显降低。在43℃和45℃下1～6 h的短期高温对1～5日龄瓜蚜存活率影响的试验结果表明,45℃高温下处理3 h,瓜蚜的平均存活率可降到70％以下;43℃高温下处理4 h,除低日龄瓜蚜有较低的存活率外,高日龄的全部死亡。表明高温闷棚防治温室瓜蚜在生产实践中可考虑适当降低温度、延长高温持续的时间,也能达到抑制瓜蚜种群增长目的。     

贵州高羊茅新品种(系)比较试验

2007-2010年对选育鉴定的高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)新品系,按照完全随机区组排列设计方法,进行品种比较试验.结果表明,在株高30～40 cm时刈割测产,大方高羊茅每年的鲜草产量和干物质产量都比对照Fawn高许多,其中第2年的鲜草产量和干物质产量分别为87 825和15 360 kg/hm2,...     

钼酸钠对亚硝酸钠中毒小鼠保护作用的研究

为了研究钼酸钠对亚硝酸钠中毒小鼠存活时间、体重、血液学指标和免疫学指标的影响,选取144只小鼠并随机分为9组,其中Ⅰ组～Ⅴ组做小鼠存活时间试验研究,Ⅵ组～Ⅸ组做钼酸钠和亚硝酸钠对小鼠体重、血液学指标和免疫学指标影响研究,各组小鼠用不同剂量亚硝酸钠和钼酸钠进行处理,饲喂相同基础日粮。结果表明,0.016mL/g 50g/L NaMoO4对3d染毒组和15d染毒组小鼠存活时间有极显著影响(P<0.01);200mg/L NaMoO4和200mg/kg NaNO2对小鼠体重增长、血液学指标和免疫学指标与对照组比较差异不显著(P>0.05),而500mg/L NaMoO4和200mg/kg NaNO2对小鼠体重增长、血液学指标和免疫学指标与对照组比较差异显著(P<0.05)。说明非中毒剂量NaMoO4能缓解亚硝酸钠的毒性,而中毒剂量NaMoO4则会加重亚硝酸钠的毒性。     

农业装备产业竞争力模糊综合评判模型研究

分析了我国农业装备产业发展的现状、问题和面临的挑战和机遇,以及影响农业装备产业竞争力的因素,建立了产业竞争力的评价指标体系,并应用模糊综合评判原理建立了农业装备产业竞争力评价的模糊综合评判模型并对其进行了分析,得出我国农业装备产业竞争力较弱,建议通过推进产业技术创新和完善投融资体系提升产业竞争力.     

A Comparison of the Effects of Two Prey Enrichment Media on Growth and Survival of Pacific Bluefin Tuna,Thunnus orientalis,Larvae

Three experiments were conducted to investigate the growth, survival, and standardized cohort biomass of Pacific bluefin tuna, Thunnus orientalis, larvae fed nutritionally enhanced prey during the first week of feeding using two commonly used, commercially available enrichment media, AlgaMac Enrich and Marine Glos. T. orientalis larvae exhibited exponential growth in standard length and dry weight. The daily specific growth rates in length and weight are the first reported for T. orientalis larvae and the averages ranged from 3.8 to 4.1% and 27.5%, respectively, for larvae in the AlgaMac treatment and from 4.1 to 6.1% and 31.5%, respectively, in the Marine Glos treatment. Average daily growth rates in length ranged from 0.16 to 0.23 mm/d for larvae in the AlgaMac treatment and from 0.17 to 0.27 mm/d for those in the Marine Glos treatment. Daily growth rates in length were similar to those reported for other tuna larvae reared in the laboratory but slower than most published estimates for larval tunas in situ at similar water temperatures. Mean prey number per gut was positively associated with mean prey level in the tank. Both enrichment media appear to be good sources of nutritional improvement of planktonic prey for T. orientalis larvae.     

保水剂和微生物菌肥对半干旱区造林和土壤改良的影响

试验分别设置低、中、高浓度保水剂(20,40,60g/株)和微生物菌肥(150,300,450g/株)用于张北半干旱区风沙土樟子松造林。通过分析不同处理对土壤田间持水量、有效水分含量、水稳性团聚体含量、微生物菌落数量和微生物量碳、氮等指标的差异,研究保水剂与微生物菌肥对土壤物理性质、土壤微生物以及樟子松成活率的影响,探究适用于干旱、半干旱区樟子松造林的最佳配比。结果表明:保水剂和微生物菌肥能够显著改良土壤,提高造林成活率,但不同浓度配比对各项指标影响效果不同。高浓度保水剂单施对田间持水量,有效水分含量和水稳性团聚体含量提高最明显,分别较对照组提高了141%,150%,63.8%;中浓度保水剂和高、中浓度菌肥混施显著提高了土壤微生物活性和土壤微生物量,其中真菌,细菌和放线菌分别较对照组高77%,108%,93%,微生物碳、氮分别较对照组增加132%,178%。此外,施加保水剂和微生物菌肥对樟子松生长具有显著促进作用,株高、地径平均值分别较对照组提高6%,12%。保水剂提高樟子松成活率的效果优于其与微生物菌肥混施,且中浓度保水剂条件下造林成活率最高。在干旱、半干旱区造林时,采用中浓度保水剂和微生物菌肥配施可以改良土壤,提高造林成活率。     

抗旱保水袋性能及其在容器苗中的试验研究

为探讨抗旱保水袋在废弃采石场造林中的应用效果,通过室内试验和室外盆栽试验研究了抗旱保水袋性能及对容器苗生长的影响。结果表明:大袋保水袋的吸水速率和吸水倍数比小袋保水袋分别增加1.4倍、1.9倍,在蒸馏水溶液下的吸水速率和吸水倍数比自来水分别增加0.6倍、0.1倍;大袋保水袋的保水率大于小袋保水袋;保水袋能显著增加渣土土壤体积含水量,比对照高1.29倍,苗高平均比对照增加2.36cm,成活率平均比对照增加69.5%,出现死亡天数平均比对照推迟12d。结论得出,抗旱保水袋是干旱、半干旱及半湿润地区废弃采石场困难立地提高造林成活率并促进植被恢复的一种有效方法。